Course: “Models and scenarios for energy planning”
Academic year 2010/11
LOCAL ENERGY SYSTEM - LIBYA
Student: Abdalla Benyeza.
Matricola: 165020
Professor:Evasio Lavagno
List of Contents page
1 Essential Geo-Political Features 2
2 Libya Economy 6
3 Energy Situation of Libya 8
3.1 Oil 8
3.1.1 Oil Production 10
3.1.2 Oil Export 11
3.1.3 Oil Refining 12
3.1.4 Sector Organization 13
3.2 Natural gas 13
3.2.1 Natural Gas Production 14
3.2.2 Consumption and Exports of Natural Gas 15
3.2.3 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 15
3.2.4 Sector Organization 16
3.3 Renewable Resource 16
3.3.1 Wind Energy in Libya 16
3.3.2 Solar radiation 17
3.3.3 Water 18
3.3.4 Photovoltaic 21
3.4 Other Sources 22
3.5 Nuclear Power 22
3.6 Electricity 24
3.7 Environment 26
4 Summary and Conclusion 27
5 References 30
1
1.Essential Geo-Political Features
Libya is fourth in size among the countries of Africa and seventeenth among the countries of the world With an area of almost 1,800,000 square kilometres (700,000 sq mi). Libya stretches along the northeast coast of Africa between Tunisia and Algeria on the west and Egypt on the east; to the south are the Sudan, Chad, and Niger. It is one-sixth larger than Alaska. Much of the country lies within the Sahara. Along the Mediterranean cost and farther inland is arable plateau land.
It lay within easy reach of the major European nations and linked the Arab countries of North Africa with those of the Middle East, facts that throughout history had made its urban centers bustling crossroads rather than isolated backwaters without external social influences. Consequently, an immense social gap developed between the cities, cosmopolitan and peopled largely by foreigners, and the desert hinterland, where tribal chieftains ruled in isolation and where social change was minimal.
The capital, Tripoli, is home to 1.7 million of Libya's 6.4 million people and Official language is Arabic.
Figure (1) :Map of Libya in the World
2
The name Libya was resuscitated in 1903 by the Italian geographer Federico Minutilli, who in 1903 used it as first in today's meaning in his work "Bibliografia della Libia", and later adopted by the Italian government in its "Regio Decreto di Annessione" (Royal Decree of Annexation) of the Ottoman provinces of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica dating November 5, 1911.
From 1912 to 1927, the territory of Libya was known as Italian North Africa. From 1927 to 1934, the territory was split into two colonies, Italian Cyrenaica and Italian Tripolitania, run by Italian governors. Some 150,000 Italians settled in Libya, constituting roughly 20% of the total population.
In 1934, Italy adopted the name "Libya" (used by the Greeks for all of North Africa, except Egypt) as the official name of the colony (made up of the three provinces of Cyrenaica,Tripolitania and Fezzan). Idris al-Mahdi as-Senussi (later King Idris I), Emir of Cyrenaica, led Libyan resistance to Italian occupation between the two world wars. Ilan Pappé estimates that between 1928 and 1932 the Italian military "killed half the Bedouin population (directly or through starvation in camps). Italian historian Gentile sets to about fifty thousands the number of victims of the repression.
From 1943 to 1951, Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were under British administration, while the French controlled Fezzan. In 1944, Idris returned from exile in Cairo but declined to resume permanent residence in Cyrenaica until the removal of some aspects of foreign control in 1947. Under the terms of the 1947 peace treatywith the Allies, Italy relinquished all claims to Libya.
On December 24, 1951, Libya declared its independence as the United Kingdom of Libya, a constitutional and hereditary monarchy under King Idris, Libya's first and only monarch.
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